Chapter 34 PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS In the foregoing chapters we have often referred to psychological tests and their use in education. The present chapter reviews the history of the testing movement and its educational implications. This is followed by detailed descriptions of some prominent psychological tests. The chapter closes with brief comments on the uses and misuses of various tests. The Testing Movement Some sort of testing and measuring system seems to have been in vogue practically at every stage of human history. Ancient testing and measuring procedures, however, were mostly crude and unscientific. Moreover, they did not cover every aspect of human behavior. Thorndike's Pioneer Work The scientific phase of testing and measuring movement starts with the work of Thorndike . His first book, dealing directly with mental measurements, was published in 1904*. It declared: "Anything that exists can be measured".