Mangspecial

Tuesday, 19 August 2025

اعتراض: اگر خدا ایک ہے تو دین (قانون) بھی ایک ہونا چاہیے۔ جواب دیکھیں

اعتراض:

اگر خدا ایک ہے تو دین (قانون) بھی ایک ہونا چاہیے۔ کسی امت کے لیے ایک چیز حرام اور دوسری امت کے لیے وہی چیز حلال کیوں ہے؟

الزامی جواب:

تمھارے ملک میں حکومت ایک ہی ہے لیکن بچوں، بڑوں اور فوجیوں کے قوانین مختلف ہیں۔ کیا اس سے حکومتیں کئی ہو گئیں؟ اگر حکومت کے بدلتے قوانین پر تمھیں اعتراض نہیں تو خدا کے بدلتے احکام پر کیوں ہے؟

سائلی جواب:

اگر ڈاکٹر ایک ہے تو پھر سب مریضوں کو ایک ہی دوا کیوں نہیں دیتا؟ کیا ایک ڈاکٹر کی دوائیوں کا فرق اس کی واحد شخصیت کو ختم کر دیتا ہے؟ تو پھر ایک خدا کے مختلف احکام اس کی وحدانیت کے خلاف کیسے ہوئے؟

منطقی جواب:

معترض کا اعتراض ایک مغالطے پر مبنی ہے۔

مغالطہ:

معترض یہ فرض کر رہا ہے کہ اللہ کی وحدانیت کا لازمی نتیجہ یہ ہے کہ ہر زمانے میں ایک ہی قانون ہو۔ حالانکہ اللہ واحد ہے مگر اس کی شریعتیں مختلف زمانوں اور قوموں کی ضروریات کے لحاظ سے مختلف رہیں۔

مثال بلا تشبیہ:

جیسے ایک ہی ڈاکٹر ایک ہی مریض کو مختلف اوقات میں مختلف دوائیں دیتا ہے، اسی طرح ایک ہی خدا مختلف قوموں کے حالات و ضروریات کے لحاظ سے مختلف احکام دیتا رہا۔ تو اختلاف، وحدانیت کے خلاف نہیں بلکہ حکمت کی دلیل ہے۔

ترکی بہ ترکی جواب:

ایک ہی حکومت ہوتی ہے مگر پرائمری، سیکنڈری اور یونیورسٹی کے طلبہ کے لیے مختلف نصاب ہوتے ہیں۔ کیا اس سے حکومتیں کئی ہو جاتی ہیں؟ بالکل نہیں، ایک ہی حکومت مختلف درجات کے مطابق قانون دیتی ہے۔

مثالی جواب:

جیسے ایک استاد پورے سال میں ایک ہی کلاس کو مختلف اوقات میں مختلف اسباق پڑھاتا ہے۔ کبھی ریاضی، کبھی سائنس، کبھی فلسفہ۔ استاد ایک ہے مگر نصاب مختلف ہوتا ہے۔ اسی طرح اللہ ایک ہے مگر اس نے مختلف امتوں کو ان کے وقت کے حساب سے مختلف شریعت دی۔

اصولی جواب:

اہلِ سنت کے نزدیک عقیدہ (توحید و رسالت و آخرت) ہمیشہ سے ایک ہے۔ شریعت (جزوی احکام) حالات و مصالح کے اعتبار سے بدلتے رہے ہیں۔ قرآن میں صاف ہے: لِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مِنكُمْ شِرْعَةً وَمِنْهَاجًا (المائدہ: 48) یعنی ہم نے ہر امت کے لیے ایک شریعت اور طریقہ بنایا۔ پس دین ایک ہے (اسلام) مگر شریعتیں مختلف ہو سکتی ہیں۔

✍️ھارون الرشید ھاشمی

Monday, 18 August 2025

What Should Ordinary People Do About Climate Change?

🌍 What Should Ordinary People Do About Climate Change?

Introduction

The greatest threat the world faces today is climate change. Due to global warming, glaciers are melting, sea levels are rising, and unusual weather events like heavy rains, floods, and heatwaves are becoming more frequent. At one time, people thought this was only the responsibility of governments, scientists, or international organizations to solve. But in reality, if ordinary people take small steps in their daily lives, they can collectively have a huge impact on the environment.

This article explains in detail what citizens can do at home, at work, and in their communities to help combat climate change.

1. Responsible Use of Energy

One of the biggest causes of climate change is the irresponsible use of energy. Electricity is largely generated by burning coal, oil, and gas, which emit carbon dioxide.

Always turn off fans, bulbs, and ACs when leaving a room.
Replace old lightbulbs with energy-saving LED bulbs.
Install solar panels in homes to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
Unplug unused appliances (TVs, chargers, freezers) to avoid “phantom energy” use.

These small actions can collectively prevent millions of tons of carbon emissions.

2. Sustainable Transportation

Vehicles are among the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions.

Walk or cycle for short distances instead of using a motorbike or car.
Use public transport whenever possible so more people travel in fewer vehicles.
If possible, shift to electric or hybrid cars.
Keep vehicles well-maintained—properly inflated tires and tuned engines save fuel.

If just one family chooses to walk for 1 km daily instead of driving, they could save dozens of liters of fuel each year.

3. Careful Use of Water

Water scarcity is fast becoming the world’s next big crisis, and climate change is making it worse.

Do not waste water during ablution, showering, or household chores.
Never leave taps running unnecessarily.
Install rainwater harvesting systems at home to store rainwater.
Use modern irrigation methods like drip irrigation instead of flooding fields.

Saving water today means saving life for future generations.

4. Planting Trees and Greening the Earth 🌳

Trees are nature’s greatest gift. They provide oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide.

Every individual should make it a personal duty to plant at least 2–3 trees each year.
Schools, colleges, and mosques should run tree-planting campaigns.
Encourage gardening and greenery at homes and in neighborhoods.
Where trees are cut, new saplings must be planted.

If the residents of one city collectively plant trees, they can noticeably lower their local temperature.

5. Proper Waste Management ♻️

Waste and plastics are among the biggest environmental threats.

Always throw trash in bins instead of on streets.
Use cloth or paper bags instead of plastic bags.
Adopt habits of recycling and reusing.
Leftover food should be given to animals or converted into compost, not wasted.

If every citizen reduces their plastic bag use, millions of tons of waste can be prevented from polluting land and oceans.

6. Responsible Eating Habits

Food consumption also affects the environment.

Cook only as much as needed to avoid food waste.
Reduce meat consumption, as livestock farming contributes heavily to carbon emissions.
Prefer local fruits and vegetables to reduce reliance on imported goods.
Eat fresh and natural foods, avoiding processed and packaged items.

This is not only better for the environment but also healthier for individuals.

7. Awareness and Education

Protecting the environment is not just the responsibility of a few individuals or organizations—it is a collective duty.

Teach children and family members about environmental protection.
Share positive messages on social media.
Organize awareness sessions and workshops at schools or community levels.
Form neighborhood or village committees for environmental care.

8. Cooperation with Government Policies

Government policies only succeed if the public supports them.

Participate in government-led environmental projects.
Join tree-planting campaigns.
Report environmental hazards (illegal tree cutting, sewage dumping, air pollution) to authorities.
Raise your voice in favor of eco-friendly policies.

9. Religious and Moral Perspective

Islam also emphasizes cleanliness and environmental care.

The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “Cleanliness is half of faith.”
Planting a tree is considered an ongoing charity (sadaqah jariyah).
Wasting food and water is prohibited.

Thus, for a Muslim, protecting the environment is not only a social responsibility but also a religious duty.

10. Power of Collective Action

When people act together, the results are far greater.

Communities can establish shared gardens or green parks.
Neighborhoods can organize “Clean & Green” campaigns.
Youth can form eco-friendly clubs to spread awareness.
Women can play a key role in saving energy and water at home.

Conclusion

Climate change is a global problem, but the solution begins with small individual actions. If each person saves energy, avoids water waste, plants trees, manages waste properly, and prevents food wastage, the world can become a safer and healthier place.

Remember: small steps by millions of people lead to big change. If we don’t act today, future generations will never forgive us.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

1. Introduction

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most revolutionary technologies of the modern world, transforming how humans learn, think, and work. Literally, the word “Artificial” means “man-made,” and “Intelligence” means “the ability to think, learn, and solve problems.” Hence, AI refers to systems and technologies designed to enable machines to learn, decide, and act automatically, mimicking human-like intelligence.

This field is not limited to computer science—it is an interdisciplinary domain combining mathematics, psychology, philosophy, linguistics, engineering, and biology.

2. History of Artificial Intelligence

Ancient Philosophical Foundations

Humans have always dreamt of creating machines capable of thinking. Greek philosopher Aristotle laid down the principles of logic and reasoning, which later became the foundation of modern algorithms.

Islamic Golden Age Contributions

Muslim scientists like Al-Khwarizmi introduced mathematical principles that are today known as "algorithms"—the very foundation of AI.

The Modern Era

1950: Alan Turing introduced the Turing Test to measure whether a machine could exhibit human-like intelligence.
1956: John McCarthy coined the term “Artificial Intelligence.”
1960–1980: The rise of Expert Systems in medicine and industry.
1997: IBM Deep Blue defeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov.
2011: IBM Watson won the quiz show Jeopardy! outperforming human competitors.
2016: AlphaGo defeated a world champion in the highly complex game of Go.
2022–2025: Generative AI (e.g., ChatGPT) created a global revolution.

3. Core Concepts

3.1 Machine Learning

Algorithms that learn from data and improve over time. Example: Netflix recommendations.

3.2 Deep Learning

A subfield of machine learning using neural networks to process complex data like images and language.

3.3 Neural Networks

Inspired by the structure of the human brain, these networks process information in layers.

3.4 Natural Language Processing (NLP)

The ability of machines to understand and generate human language. Example: ChatGPT.

3.5 Computer Vision

Enabling machines to recognize and interpret images/videos. Example: Facial recognition.

3.6 Robotics

Physical machines that can perform automated tasks.

4. Types of AI

Narrow AI (Weak AI) – Designed for specific tasks (e.g., Siri, Google Translate).
General AI (Strong AI) – Machines with the ability to perform any intellectual task like humans (still under research).
Super AI – Hypothetical AI surpassing human intelligence (future concept).

5. AI Technologies

Algorithms
Data Mining
Speech Recognition
Image Processing
Predictive Analytics
Chatbots & Virtual Assistants

6. Applications of AI

6.1 Healthcare

Disease diagnosis
Robotic surgeries
Drug discovery

6.2 Education

Smart classrooms
Automated testing
Virtual tutors

6.3 Business

Data analytics
Customer support chatbots
Targeted digital marketing

6.4 Agriculture

Crop monitoring
Automated machinery
Soil analysis

6.5 Transportation

Self-driving cars
Smart traffic systems

6.6 Military

Drones
Cyber warfare

6.7 Domestic Use

Smart homes
Voice assistants like Alexa and Siri

7. Economic Impact

Elimination of some traditional jobs
Creation of new fields (AI engineers, data scientists)
Increased productivity and efficiency

8. Ethical Concerns

Privacy violations
Algorithmic bias
Unemployment risks
Human control vs machine control
Deepfakes and misinformation

9. Risks of AI

Cybersecurity threats
Military misuse
Human over-dependence
Existential risk of Super AI

10. Future of AI

Growth of AGI (Artificial General Intelligence)
Integration with Quantum Computing
Human–AI collaboration
Global AI policies and governance

11. Islam and Artificial Intelligence

The Qur’an emphasizes the pursuit of knowledge.
Hadith highlights both beneficial and harmful uses of knowledge.
Opportunities for Muslims: healthcare, education, economy.
Challenges: ethical boundaries, misuse of technology.